NdBhowmick et al. BMC Microbiology 2014, 14:eight http://biomedcentral/1471-2180/14/Page 12 of25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.36.37.38.39.40.41.42.interleukin-12 develop a form 1 immune response but aren’t protected against challenge infection. Infect Immun 2001, 69(1):245?51. Khalil EAG, Musa AM, Modabber F, El-Hassan AM: Safety and immunogenicity of a candidate vaccine for visceral leishmaniasis (Alum-precipitated autoclaved Leishmania key plus BCG) in kids: an extended phase II study. Ann Trop Paediatr 2006, 26(4):357?61. Khalil EAG, Ayed NB, Musa AM, Ibrahim ME, Mukhtar MM, Zijlstra EE, Elhassan IM, Smith PG, Kieny PM, Ghalib HW, et al: Dichotomy of protective cellular immune responses to human visceral leishmaniasis. Clin Exp Immunol 2005, 140(two):349?53. Nateghi RM, Keshavarz H, Khamesipour A: Immune response of BALB/c mice against an experimental vaccine of Alum precipitated autoclaved Leishmania significant (Alum-ALM) mixed with BCG or Mycobacterium vaccae. Trop Biomed 2010, 27(1):89?02. Nico D, Claser C, Borja-Cabrera GP, Travassos LR, Palatnik M, Soares IS, Rodrigues MM, Palatnik-de-Sousa CB: Adaptive immunity against leishmania nucleoside hydrolase maps its C-terminal domain as the target in the CD4+ T cell-driven protective response. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2010, four(11):1?3. Grenfell RFQ, Marques-da-Silva EA, Souza-Testasicca MC, Coelho EAF, Fernandes AP, Afonso LCC, Rezende SA: Antigenic extracts of Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania amazonensis related to saponin partially protects BALB/c mice against Leishmania chagasi infection by suppressing IL-10 and IL-4 production. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2010, 105(six):818?22. Bhowmick S, Ali N: Identification of novel Leishmania donovani antigens that support define correlates of vaccine-mediated protection in visceral leishmaniasis. PLoS 1 2009, 4(6):e5820. Platzer C, Richter G, Uberla K, Muller W, Blocker H, Diamantstein T, Blankenstein T: Analysis of cytokine messenger-RNA levels in interleukin4-transgenic mice by quantitative polymerase chain-reaction.25952-53-8 site Eur J Immunol 1992, 22(five):1179?184.Formula of 4,5-Dichloro-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde Dandrea A, Ma XJ, Asteamezaga M, Paganin C, Trinchieri G: Stimulatory and inhibitory effects of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 on the production of cytokines by human peripheral-blood mononuclear-cells – priming for IL-12 and tumor-necrosis-factor-alpha production.PMID:24406011 J Exp Med 1995, 181(2):537?46. Mohr E, Cunningham AF, Toellner K-M, Bobat S, Coughlan RE, Bird RA, MacLennan ICM, Serre K: IFN-gamma made by CD8 T cells induces T-bet-dependent and -independent class switching in B cells in responses to alum-precipitated protein vaccine. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010, 107(40):17292?7297. Sjolander A, Baldwin TM, Curtis JM, Handman E: Induction of a Th1 immune response and simultaneous lack of activation of a Th2 response are necessary for generation of immunity to leishmaniasis. J Immunol 1998, 160(eight):3949?957. Oliveira-Freitas E, Casas CP, Borja-Cabrera GP, Santos FN, Nico D, Souza LOP, Tinoco LW, da Silva BP, Palatnik M, Parente JP, et al: Acylated and deacylated saponins of Quillaja saponaria mixture as adjuvants for the FML-vaccine against visceral leishmaniasis. Vaccine 2006, 24(18):3909?920. Tadokoro CE, Macedo MS, Abrahamsohn IA: Saponin adjuvant primes for a dominant interleukin-10 production to ovalbumin and to Trypanosoma cruzi antigen. Immunology 1996, 89(three):368?74. Karp CL, Elsafi SH, Wynn TA, Satti MMH, Kordofani AM, Hashim FA, Hagali M, Neva FA, Nutman TB, Sacks DL: In vivo cytokine profiles.